The professional caregiver is able to prepare the patient/client for medical treatments and diagnostic tests, assist caregivers in the preparation of treatments, and handle specimens. This is done autonomously and independently but according to instructions. | The professional caregiver is able to: - involve the patient/client and relevant others in the procedure,
- identify the patient/client uniquely,
- perform patient/client assessments (see also CA.1.1),
- prepare the patient/client for treatments according to guidelines and individual treatment plan,
- handle and apply all equipment for a physical treatment (e.g. stethoscope with bell and diaphragm, wristwatch with second hand, blood pressure cuff, ophthalmoscope, otoscope set, eye chart, pocket flashlight, tongue blades, percussion hammer, tuning fork, bivalve vaginal speculum),
- implement basic medical treatments and diagnostic tests (e.g. physical treatment, measurement of vital parameters),
- collect biological specimens according to guidelines (e.g. midstream urine, stool, sputum),
- clean working areas and prepare for the next treatment (see also CA.4.1),
- take safety into account when considering the department’s daily schedule and making changes,
- prepare work places for follow-up treatments with regard to the treatment (e.g. sterilised materials),
- label specimens correctly and safely store and transport them to the appropriate laboratories,
- assist other caregivers in diagnostic tests,
- perform BLS (see also CA.3.6),
- prepare patients/clients for special treatments (e.g. endoscopic treatments) and for medical diagnostic tests (e.g. ultrasound, X-ray),
- recognise if the patient/client is in pain and apply pain scales (e.g. numerical pain scale, Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire),
- monitor and care for patients/clients during and after basic procedures and document the process (see also CA.A.1),
- assist attending physician in a physical treatment of patient/client (e.g. inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, gastric fluid analysis),
- perform urine treatments (e.g. dipstick for protein, blood, sugar).
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The professional caregiver is able to: - explain legal regulations and consequences regarding diagnostic procedures and medical treatments (see also CA.B.3),
- explain procedures for basic medical treatments and diagnostic tests (e.g. physical treatment, measurement of blood pressure, endoscopic treatment, ultrasound, X-ray),
- name basic structures and functions of the human organs (e.g. lungs, heart, liver, intestinal tract),
- list normal values of basic treatments and diagnostic tests (e.g. arterial blood pressure, full blood count, urine analysis),
- identify, list and describe the correct use of equipment for a physical treatment (e.g. stethoscope, reflex hammer),
- describe appropriate techniques of a physical treatment (e.g. inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation),
- name principles of infection control and explain methods of germ-free working and cleaning methods for reusable equipment (see also CA.4.1),
- describe principles of communicating with and teaching patients/clients (see also CA.6.1 and CA.6.2),
- describe the physiology of pain and differentiate between different pain experiences,
- describe verbal and non-verbal behaviours on the part of patients/clients that indicate anxiety (see also CA.6.1),
- describe techniques for relieving anxiety in patients/clients,
- list techniques for promoting cooperation and participation of patients/clients,
- name treatments involving special dietary requirements (e.g. colonoscopy),
- name necessary medications used during physical treatment and basic diagnostic procedures (e.g. iodine-based agents and their risks and side effects),
- describe techniques for carrying out physical treatments on patients/clients with special needs (e.g. elderly or young patients/clients),
- recognise age-related changes in the systems (e.g. urinary system, muscular
- system, circulatory system, nervous system, skin, homeostasis system),
- describe principles to prevent contamination of specimens (e.g. smear, blood collection),
- describe rules on correct labelling, safe storage and transportation for all kind of specimens,
- describe techniques for collecting patient’s/client’s specimens and list legislation and policies for collecting patient’s/client’s specimens (e.g. patient’s/client’s agreement to HIV test),
- describe symptoms of allergic reactions to anaesthetics and/or antiseptic agents,
- list principles to protect oneself and others from irradiation exposure,
- explain different positions adopted by patient/client for basic examinations and diagnostic procedures (e.g. sitting, lying),
- explain and recognise possible complications arising for patient/client during basic examinations and diagnostic procedures (e.g. shock, loss of blood),
- explain measures to prevent and handle complications (e.g. elevate patient’s/client’s legs in case of shock, place patient in the recovery position),
- explain positioning and activity restrictions after basic procedures (e.g. bed rest, driving restrictions after special medication),
- describe the technique for performing an ECG (see also CA.3.4),
- explain how to prepare patient/client for radiological imaging methods (e.g. ingestion of contrast agents, physical basis for non-invasive and invasive radiological imaging methods),
- list different methods of radiological diagnostics (e.g. computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging).
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